mass_surface_fractal

Mass Surface Fractal model

Parameter	Description	Units	Default value
scale	Source intensity	None	1
background	Source background	cm-1	0.001
fractal_dim_mass	Mass fractal dimension	None	1.8
fractal_dim_surf	Surface fractal dimension	None	2.3
rg_cluster	Cluster radius of gyration	Å	86.7
rg_primary	Primary particle radius of gyration	Å	4000

The returned value is scaled to units of cm^-1 sr^-1, absolute scale.

A number of natural and commercial processes form high-surface area materials as a result of the vapour-phase aggregation of primary particles. Examples of such materials include soots, aerosols, and fume or pyrogenic silicas. These are all characterised by cluster mass distributions (sometimes also cluster size distributions) and internal surfaces that are fractal in nature. The scattering from such materials displays two distinct breaks in log-log representation, corresponding to the radius-of-gyration of the primary particles, \(rg\), and the radius-of-gyration of the clusters (aggregates), \(Rg\). Between these boundaries the scattering follows a power law related to the mass fractal dimension, \(Dm\), whilst above the high-Q boundary the scattering follows a power law related to the surface fractal dimension of the primary particles, \(Ds\).

Definition

The scattered intensity I(q) is calculated using a modified Ornstein-Zernicke equation

\[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}I(q) = scale \times P(q) + background\\P(q) = \left\{ \left[ 1+(q^2a)\right]^{D_m/2} \times \left[ 1+(q^2b)\right]^{(6-D_s-D_m)/2} \right\}^{-1}\\a = R_{g}^2/(3D_m/2)\\b = r_{g}^2/[-3(D_s+D_m-6)/2]\\scale = scale\_factor \times NV^2 (\rho_{particle} - \rho_{solvent})^2\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

where \(R_g\) is the size of the cluster, \(r_g\) is the size of the primary particle, \(D_s\) is the surface fractal dimension, \(D_m\) is the mass fractal dimension, \(\rho_{solvent}\) is the scattering length density of the solvent, and \(\rho_{particle}\) is the scattering length density of particles.

Note

The surface ( \(D_s\) ) and mass ( \(D_m\) ) fractal dimensions are only valid if \(0 < surface\_dim < 6\) , \(0 < mass\_dim < 6\) , and \((surface\_dim + mass\_dim ) < 6\) .

Fig. 95 1D plot corresponding to the default parameters of the model.

References

P Schmidt, J Appl. Cryst., 24 (1991) 414-435 Equation(19)

A J Hurd, D W Schaefer, J E Martin, Phys. Rev. A, 35 (1987) 2361-2364 Equation(2)